Weathered bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration: Alkaline activation for sustainable binders

Alkali-activated binders (AABs) stand out as promising candidates to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) since waste can be used raw material for their manufacture. This study addresses the environmental feasibility of using weathered bottom ash (WBA) and metakaolin (MK) alkali-activated binder precursors (AA-WBA/MK). Different proportions WBA MK were mixed (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100 wt%) with a mixture waterglass (WG) NaOH 8 M an alkaline activator solution. The effect increasing content was assessed from chemical, physical, mechanical, perspective. results revealed formation secondary reaction products C-(A)-S-H, (C,N)-A-S-H, N-A-S-H gels. compressive strength AA-WBA/MK decreased (from 61.6 MPa 12.6 MPa) increased. monolithic tank test validated use construction purposes, although some restrictions due in As, Sb, V. Finally, encapsulation efficiency mechanical performance enhanced curing period